Dipteri

Contents:

Medical Video: Apa Itu Penyakit Difteri...?

  • Definition

What is diphtheria?

Diphtheria is an infection caused by the Corynebacterium diphtheriae bacteria.

Diphtheria spreads (transmitted) from individual to individual, usually through respiratory droplets, from coughing, or sneezing. Although rare, spread can occur due to lesions from the skin (such as abnormal wounds) or clothing contaminated with lesions (such as wounds) from infected people.

A person can also be infected with diphtheria by making direct contact with an object or object, such as a toy, which has been contaminated with bacteria that cause diphtheria.

What are the signs and symptoms?

When bacteria that cause diphtheria invade the respiratory system, they produce toxins (toxins) which can cause:

  • Fatigue
  • Sore throat
  • Fever
  • Swollen glands in the neck

In two to three days, thickening of the clot can occur in the throat or nose, making breathing difficult and swallowing. This thickening of the clot is called a "pseudomembrane" and can form on sound tissue, tonsils, vocal cords, and throat.

Pseudomembrane is formed from dead tissue caused by toxins produced by bacteria. Pseudomembrane attaches to the lower tissue and can enter the respiratory tract. Toxins can be absorbed through blood vessels and can cause damage to the liver, kidneys and nerves.

  • How to overcome

What should I do?

The diagnosis of diphtheria is usually made based on signs and symptoms. A thin piece of specimen is taken from the throat for bacterial examination. Doctors can also take samples from skin lesions (such as wounds) and try to grow bacteria to confirm the diagnosis of diphtheria.

It is important to start treatment immediately if a diphtheria has been found and there is no need to wait for laboratory confirmation.

Current diphtheria treatment includes:

  • Use antitoxin diphtheria to neutralize (fight) toxins produced by bacteria
  • Use antibiotics to kill and reduce diphtheria bacteria

Diphtheria patients are usually left isolated, until they no longer infected others, usually 48 hours after antibiotic treatment begins. This disease usually cannot spread after the patient has been given antibiotics for 48 hours. After the antibiotic treatment is complete, the doctor will carry out an examination to make sure the bacteria will never be present in the patient's body.

When do I have to see a doctor?

If you have signs and symptoms that make you think you have diphtheria, call medical attention immediately. Consult your doctor for further information.

  • Prevention

The best way to prevent diphtheria is with vaccines. There are four combinations of vaccines used to prevent diphtheria; DTaP, DT, and Td. Each vaccine can prevent diphtheria and tetanus; DTaP and Tdap vaccines can also prevent pertussis (coughing up phlegm). DTaP and DT vaccines are given to children less than seven years old, while Tdap and Td vaccines are given to older children, adolescents, and adults.

Children must get 5 doses of DTaP, one dose for each of the following age categories; 2,4,6, and 15-18 months and 4-6 years. DT does not contain pertussis, and is used as a substitute for DTaP for children who cannot tolerate pertussis vaccine. Td is a tetanus diphtheria vaccine given to adolescents and adults as a support dose every 10 years, or after exposure to tetanus under certain conditions. Tdap is similar to Td but also contains protection against pertussis.

Adolescents aged 11-18 years (recommended at the age of 11-12 years) and adults aged 19 years and over should take a single dose of Tdap. Women should take Tdap during pregnancy (recommended in the third trimester between weeks 27 and 36). Tdap must be given at 7-10 years of age who do not fully get immunization against pertussis. Can not be given no matter when Td was last consumed.

Some people should not be vaccinated, or should postpone vaccination, including those who have had a deadly allergic reaction after getting a vaccine containing the tetanus or diphtheria vaccine, or have serious allergies to some components of this vaccine. Tell your doctor about any serious allergies you have.

Also tell your doctor if you:

  • Have other nervous system problems or problems
  • Have serious injuries or swelling after receiving a diphtheria or tetanus vaccine
  • Have had Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS)
  • Not feeling well on the scheduled dose day
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