Contents:
- Medical Video: Weight Loss Surgery Options - Mayo Clinic
- What is bariatric surgery?
- What are bariatric surgery procedures?
- Limit gastric space
- Manipulate the stomach
- Combination procedure
- What should be prepared so that bariatric surgery is successful?
- Is there a special diet to do before surgery?
- Then, do you still have to go on a diet after bariatric surgery?
- Liquid food
- Pure food
- Soft food
- Solid food
- Giving vitamins and minerals
- Are there side effects after doing this operation?
Medical Video: Weight Loss Surgery Options - Mayo Clinic
If your diet and exercise don't make you lose weight, obese people will usually be offered bariatric surgery. This operation can help you cut fat in the body. However, not all fat people can undergo this medical procedure. There are several conditions that must be met beforehand.
What is bariatric surgery?
Bariatric surgery is a special medical action aimed at overcoming obesity. Usually, postoperative weight loss can reach 40-68% in an interval of 2 years.
This operation is also performed with several procedures, depending on each patient's condition. The main goal of bariatric surgery is to lose weight in a fast time and prevent various chronic diseases that lurk.
Meki sounds promising, not all fat people can undergo this surgery. There are several conditions that must be met, namely:
- Has a body mass index of more than 35 with comorbid diseases (co-morbidities)
- Having two or more chronic diseases
- Weight loss never goes down even though I have carried out a diet and a healthy lifestyle
- Not taking drugs that can conflict with bariatric surgery
- Have strong motivation.
Even if you experience these things, you still cannot undergo this operation if:
- is pregnant
- experiencing a hormonal disorder that makes it obese
- being addicted to drugs
- Having an uncontrolled psychiatric illness is not permitted to carry out this operation.
What are bariatric surgery procedures?
To make patients reach their ideal weight, this medical procedure is carried out in several different procedures.
Limit gastric space
This procedure is done so that the food that enters the stomach is not too much, so it can cut the body's calories. Some procedures that can make the space in the stomach narrow are the gastric binding procedure (vertical banded gastroplasty).
Manipulate the stomach
This medical action is done in a waysleeve gastrectomy (SV), which is to remove some parts of the digestive organ. The goal is again to limit the food that enters and is digested. In addition, Roux-ex Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is also done, by dividing the digestive organ area into smaller ones. So, the stomach is full quickly and the feeling of fullness lasts longer.
Combination procedure
This procedure will make malabsorption of macro nutrients and micronutrients that enter the body, this method is done to limit the absorption of incoming food. Examples of these procedures are biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) and BPD with duodenal switch (BPD DS).
What should be prepared so that bariatric surgery is successful?
Before undergoing bariatric surgery, the patient will be examined and see his condition. Patients will also be given knowledge regarding diet changes that must be done after surgery, side effects, and the risks of this medical procedure.
The medical team will also explain how much the chances of success of bariatric surgery are. In addition, there are also additional checks that need to be done before the procedure is carried out, namely:
- Lung function and tests sleep apnoer syndrome
- Examination of metabolic and endocrine disorders, blood lipids, TSH
- Gastro-esophageal abnormalities (Helicobacter pylory etc.)
- Measuring bone density
- Body composition
- Resting energy expenditure
Is there a special diet to do before surgery?
For 2 to 4 weeks before surgery, patients are advised to apply a low-calorie diet (1000-1200 calories per day) or a very low-calorie diet (± 800 daily calories).
Usually, patients will also be examined for the amount of vitamins in the body. If there is one vitamin that is less than normal, you will be given a special diet to increase the vitamin levels before surgery.
Foods that must be avoided altogether, namely:
- Sugar, foods containing hidden sugars
- Packaging fruit juice
- High-fat food
- Fried
- Alcohol
Meanwhile, you also have to limit the following foods: foods that must be limited:
- Dairy products
- Flour
- Several types of fruits and vegetables (celery, raw vegetables, dried fruit, fruit with skin)
- Hard meat
- Soda
Then, do you still have to go on a diet after bariatric surgery?
Of course you must continue to undergo a special diet, so that the results of surgery are maximized. Generally, the given diet will be adjusted to the texture and shape of the food. Patients who have just undergone surgery will be given liquid food until eventually they return to solid food.
The application of this gradual diet is carried out for approximately 4 to 6 weeks, according to the conditions of each patient.
Liquid food
While in the hospital you will be given clear liquid sugar-free food, 2-4 times after surgery. The liquid must be drunk around 14-30 ml per 20 minutes and should not use a straw
Pure food
After the food is liquid, the patient can begin to be given low fat and sugarless pulverized food. Usually, this food will be given until the patient is discharged from the hospital.
Soft food
After 3-4 weeks of discharge from the hospital, patients are encouraged to eat soft foods. A little different from puree, this food already has a texture in it.
Solid food
Over time, the patient's stomach and digestive organs become stronger and more normal, so they can be given solid food. Well, usually the type of food given depends on the diet that must be lived.
If confused, you should ask and consult a doctor, what kind of diet you should do after surgery.
Giving vitamins and minerals
Apart from the form of food that must be arranged in stages, usually also given special supplements that contain iron, vitamin B12, vitamin D, and folic acid.
Meanwhile, foods high in sugar and fat also need to be challenged after undergoing bariatric surgery. Foods that must be avoided and limited postoperatively, just like before you had surgery.
Are there side effects after doing this operation?
Side effects caused can be mild to severe, depending on the type of procedure performed. However, the most frequent side effects are:
- Digestive problems, such as difficulty swallowing, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, intolerance in some types of food
- Sagging skin in the area of the former surgery
- Lack of vitamins and minerals
- Formation of gallstones (due to a rapid drop in BB)
- Hair loss, which usually occurs temporarily
