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Medical Video: MQ059 Rheumatology Cryoglobulinemia & Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies
Definition
What is cryoglobulin?
During the cryoglobulin test, the doctor will take a blood sample which is then frozen in 72 hours. After that, the doctor will check for precipitation (precipitation. If the doctor detects precipitation, the blood sample will be diverted quantitatively. The test ampoule will be warmed and the blood sample will be examined to what extent precipitation will decompose. If this happens, there is evidence of cryoglobulin. Then the doctor will perform immune electrophoresis and quantitative IgA, IgG, IgM (immunoglobulin A, G, M) to classify cryoglobulin.
Cryoglobulin (cold globulin) is an abnormal complex protein globulin contained in the blood of patients with different diseases. The protein settles temporarily at low temperatures (cold precipitation) and will decompose when warmed. Proteins can settle in blood vessels in the fingers when they are exposed directly to low temperatures. This precipitation causes blood to attach to the vessels.
When do I have to undergo cryoglobulin?
Cryoglobulin will not be detected in most healthy people, and the cryoglobulin test will not be routinely performed in patients who do not show related signs or symptoms. Your doctor will do a test when diagnosed with purpuric disease, joint pain, or Raynaud disease (fingers that are painful, pale and cold).
Other symptoms related to increased cryoblogulin, including:
- bruising
- sore muscles, joints
- muscle weakness, fatigue
- skin ulcer
- skin necrosis
Prevention & warning
What should I know before undergoing cryoglobulin?
There are many forms of cryoglobulin, which are divided into three groups:
- Group 1: monoclonal globulin
- Group 2: mixed globulin
- Group 3: polyclonal globulin
Each cryoglobulin group involves different diseases.
Most people who have cryoglobulin in the blood also have chronic hepatitis C. However, only about 3% of patients with hepatitis C have pathological cryoglobulin
Process
What should I do before I undergo cryoglobulin?
Your doctor will explain the creatinine test procedure. The doctor may ask you to fast 8 hours before undergoing the test. Fasting can reduce serum turbidity caused by food consumption, especially fat. The tainted serum will prevent the test from detecting frozen precipitation.
What is the process of cryoglobulin?
The medical personnel who are in charge of taking your blood will take the following steps:
- wrap an elastic belt around your upper arm to stop the blood flow. This makes the blood vessels under the bond enlarge making it easier to inject needles into the vessels
- clean the part to be injected with alcohol
- inject a needle into a vein. More than one needle may be needed.
- attach the tube to the syringe to fill it with blood
- remove the ties from your arms when taking blood is enough
- attach gauze or cotton to the injected part, after the injection is finished
- put pressure on the part and then put on a bandage
After that, the doctor will label the blood ampoule with a red lid to warm it to body temperature. Your doctor will show your age, weight, and height in the test pattern.
What should I do after undergoing cryoglobulin?
Elastic ties are wrapped around your upper arm and will feel tight. You may not feel anything when injected, or you may feel like being stung or pinched. You may resume normal activities immediately after the test. You can remove the bandage after 20-30 minutes after the test. If your doctor finds cryoglobulin, you will be warned not to be exposed to cold temperatures and cold objects to minimize symptoms of Rayaud disease. Wear gloves when the weather is cold.
Explanation of Test Results
What do the test results mean?
Normal results
Normal results will show the absence of cryoglobulin.
Abnormal results
Abnormal results will show:
- connective tissue disease (lupus erythematosus, Sjorgen syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis)
- malignant limpoid tumor (multiple myeloma, leukemia, Waldenstrom macroglobutin blood, lymph)
- acute and chronic infections (increased infection with mononucleosis, glomerulonephritis due to streptococcal infection)
- liver disease (hepatitis, cirrhosis)
Depending on the laboratory of your choice, the normal range of creatinine testing can vary. Discuss the questions you have about the results of your health test with your doctor.
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