Contents:
- Medical Video: Aphasia: Remembering your Words
- Broca's aphasia
- Wernicke's aphasia
- Global Aphasia
- Motor Transcortical Aphasia
- Sensory Transcortical Aphasia
- Mixed Transcortical Aphasia
Medical Video: Aphasia: Remembering your Words
Aphasia is a disorder of language that occurs when a person is injured in a part of the brain that controls language skills. Aphasia can affect language skills in various ways including production (ability to speak) and comprehension (ability to understand speech), as well as other abilities related to language skills such as reading and writing. More than 20% of stroke sufferers experience aphasia.
Here are the types of aphasia and their characteristics:
Broca's aphasia
This form of aphasia is named after the name of the inventor of the part of the brain responsible for producing speech. Broca's aphasia is often called "motor aphasia" to emphasize the production of disturbed language (such as speaking) while other language aspects do not experience problems. In strokes, damage to the broca is the result of disruption of blood flow through blood vessels that supply this part with oxygen and nutrients.
Generally, aphasia broca prevents a person from forming clear words or sentences, but they still understand what others are talking about. Often, sufferers of aphasia feel frustrated because they cannot convey their thoughts into words. Some sufferers of aphasia can say a few words, which they use to communicate in this type of speech characteristic known as telegraphic speech.
Because some blood vessels that affect Broca's aphasia also carry blood to the part that controls the movement of one side of the body (usually the right side), Broca's aphasia is generally accompanied by other disorders such as hemiparesis, or hemiplegia on the right side of the body, Alexia and agraphia.
Wernicke's aphasia
Wernicke's aphasia is named after the inventor of the part of the brain responsible for language comprehension. Wernicke's aphasia cannot understand others, or even themselves, when speaking. Their speech cannot be understood because they make sentences with random word order. For example, you might hear people suffering from aphasia Wernicke say: "my door sits through a lamp in the sky." This type of language pattern is sometimes called logorrhea. However, sufferers of Wernicke's aphasia will feel that their words are understood by others. This is due to a lack of awareness of language disorders (anosagnosia). Over time, sufferers of Wernicke's aphasia may know that other people don't understand them when they speak, so they will become angry, paranoid, and depressed.
Global Aphasia
This type of aphasia is the impact of damage to the brain for a long time involving both parts of Broca and Wernicke. Global aphasia sufferers cannot understand speech, or speak. In some cases, people with global aphasia can still communicate using written language.
Motor Transcortical Aphasia
This language disorder is similar to Broca's aphasia, where the sufferer cannot produce speech spontaneously. In essence, people with motor transcortical aphasia cannot say what they want to say. They cannot form words. However, if you ask them to repeat a word, they can do it without difficulty. For example, someone with this disorder wants to say that he is thirsty, he cannot say "I am thirsty". However, he can repeat the phrase "I am thirsty" when asked to repeat the word. Mild cases of transcortical motor aphasia are known as telegraphic speech. This language disorder is generally caused by a stroke on the front of Broca.
Sensory Transcortical Aphasia
A person with this rare type of afasia cannot understand what other people say, but can speak fluently. Although they can repeat words or sentences that other people say, this person with aphasia does not understand the meaning of the word. For example, if you ask people with sensory transcortical aphasia, "Are you okay?" They might repeat some parts of the words, such as "You are good" or, "Are you okay?" In response . This type of aphasia is caused by injury to parts of the brain around Wernicke, parts of the brain that play an important role in understanding language.
Mixed Transcortical Aphasia
People with this type of aphasia cannot speak or understand other people when speaking, but can repeat words or sentences, and sing songs they often hear. In this rare species, the main parts of the language (Broca and Wernicke) are not disturbed but the surrounding parts, also known as language-related parts, are damaged. It is estimated that damage to this section makes the parts of Broca and Wernicke isolated from other language systems, including the ability to produce speech spontaneously and an understanding of both oral and written language. The most common cause is a watershed stroke in the part of language association as a result of severe internal carotid stenosis.
