List of dangerous diseases that can be prevented by immunization

Medical Video: Section 2 - Vaccine Preventable Diseases

Many people think that immunization (also known as the vaccine) is only intended for babies and children. In fact, even adults still need injections to prevent certain types of diseases. By vaccinating, you not only protect yourself from disease attacks, but also help prevent the spread.So, what diseases can be prevented by vaccination? Know the answers in this article.

What is a vaccine?

A vaccine is an antigen that is used to produce an immune system against an illness. Well, giving vaccines is intended to prevent or reduce the influence of someone affected by an infection that causes disease.

By injecting antigens into the body through vaccination, the body's immune system can recognize foreign organisms, such as viruses, causing disease by producing antibodies. These antibodies will later fight pathogens before they spread and cause disease.

Immunization program in Indonesia

In accordance with the WHO program, the Ministry of Health groups immunizations based on the type of implementation, namely program / mandatory immunization and selected immunization.

1. Mandatory immunization

Immunization program is immunization that is required to someone as part of the community in order to protect from diseases that can be prevented by immunization. Mandatory immunization must be given according to the type of vaccine and the time of administration stipulated in the Immunization Management Manual (PPI) and provided free of charge, or free.

The method is easy. Just come to the health service center in the government, for example a government hospital, posyandu, and puskesmas. Program This is useful for preventing various types of diseases, including the following.

Hepatitis B

Giving hepatitis B vaccine is intended to ward off liver infections due to hepatitis B virus. This is important because hepatitis B infection can cause liver cancer and cirrhosis.

This vaccination is given three times. First, in less than 24 hours after birth. Then administration of the vaccine continues when the baby is 1 month old. After that it is given when the baby's age range is 3 to 6 months.

TB (tuberculosis)

This disease that attacks the lungs is also called tuberculosis caused by bacilli bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Based on data from the World Health Organization or WHO in 2015, Indonesia is included in the six countries that have the most TB cases. Now, one way to prevent TB is to provide BCG vaccination. Provision of BCG vaccination is only once for children under the age of two months. If the baby is more than three months old, the tuberculin test must be done first. Well, if the tuberculin results are negative, then BCG can be given.

Polio

Polio is included as one of the infectious diseases caused by viruses in the digestive tract and throat. In Indonesia, this disease is called paralysis. How to prevent disease by vaccinating polio at the age of under five years. Usually the vaccination is done via drops or oral (OPV) and injections (IPV).

This vaccine is given 4 times before the baby is 6 months old. This vaccine is given at birth, then at the age of two months, four months and six months. If you have taken four doses of polio vaccine during childhood, then you are advised to take the polio booster vaccine as a booster once.

Diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough

How to prevent diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough can be done by DPT vaccination. The vaccination is done five times since the child is two months to six years old. A child will be injected at the age of two months, four months, six months, between 18-24 months and the last five years.

If during childhood you have never received this type of vaccination, then you are recommended to vaccinate Tdap, which is an advanced TDP vaccine that is intended for adults. The Tdap vaccine is only given once in a lifetime, but it is recommended to inject a booster vaccine every 10 years.

Measles

Measles is a contagious infectious disease caused by a virus. Often this disease occurs in children, but you reduce the chance of getting this disease by vaccinating against measles. This vaccine is given first to 9-month-old babies. After that, continue the second time at the age of 18 months and the third giving at the age of 6-7 years or when the child is just entering school. The second measles vaccine does not need to be given if the child has received the MMR vaccine.

2. Choice immunization

While choice immunization is immunization that can be given to someone according to their needs in order to protect the person concerned from certain diseases. The choice of vaccination is done to prevent various diseases as below.