Contents:
- Medical Video: 8 Unexpected Things Aging You Faster (And How to Slow Aging Naturally)
- Stage 1:Absorption or drug absorption
- Stage 2: Drug distribution
- Stage 3: Drug metabolism
- Stage 4:Excretion or the process of removing drugs from the body
Medical Video: 8 Unexpected Things Aging You Faster (And How to Slow Aging Naturally)
Do you often take stall medicine? Not all drugs will immediately feel the effect immediately after you drink. It all depends on the dosage taken, the type of drug taken, and the biological factors that your body has. But actually, how long does it take for the drug to be absorbed by the body, work, and then cause side effects?
In the body, there are several stages that must be passed until a drug can work well and cause side effects. The metabolic process of this drug consists of 4 stages called ADME, namely absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
Stage 1:Absorption or drug absorption
The first step that will occur when you take the medicine is the absorption of the drug by the body. factors that influence the absorption of drugs in the body, namely:
- The way a drug is produced at the factory.
- Karakeristik people who drink it.
- How has this drug been stored.
- As well as chemicals contained in the drug.
The drug enters the body in various ways, by oral (taken by mouth) or by injecting it into a blood vessel. Drugs that are inserted through oral or injected, will still end in the blood vessels, because it will be distributed throughout the body with the bloodstream. If the drug enters by oral method or taken, then the drug will enter first into the digestive system before it is absorbed into the blood vessels.
Stage 2: Drug distribution
Shortly after the drug enters the body, the drug automatically enters the blood circulation. On average once a round of blood circulation occurs for approximately 1 minute. During the blood circulation, the drug enters the body's tissues. but the body parts that get the most drugs are the brain, which is around 16%.
Drugs penetrate different tissues at different speeds, this depends on the ability of the drug to cross and penetrate the body's cell membranes. For example, antibiotic rifampin which is fat soluble. this type of drug is very easy to enter into brain tissue, but not for antibiotic drugs that are penicillin which tend to dissolve in water.
In general, fat-soluble drugs can cross and enter the body's cell membrane faster than drugs that only dissolve in water. This will also determine how quickly the drug will react in the body.
The process of drug distribution also depends on individual characteristics. For example, obese people tend to store more fat, which facilitates the process of drug metabolism. But drug side effects arise faster than thin people who have less fat. Likewise with age, someone who is older has more fat reserves than younger people.
Stage 3: Drug metabolism
The stages of drug metabolism are the stages in which drug chemicals are changed by the body to quickly overcome the disorders that occur. In this stage, an enzyme consisting of amino acids (proteins) has the role of breaking down and changing the form of chemicals in order to work more effectively. Special enzymes to break down and metabolize drugs are called P-450 enzymes and are produced in the liver.
But many things that can affect the production of this enzyme, such as food or other drugs can affect the amount of these enzymes. When this enzyme is not produced in sufficient quantities, the drug will work more slowly and the side effects caused will also not be fast.
In addition, age factors also determine how this enzyme can work. In children, especially newborns, the liver cannot produce these enzymes perfectly. Whereas in the elderly, the ability of the liver decreases to produce the enzyme. so that children and the elderly are usually given a low dose of medicine to facilitate the work of the liver.
Stage 4:Excretion or the process of removing drugs from the body
When the drug has managed to deal with problems or disorders that exist in the body, then the chemicals derived from the drug will be released naturally. The process of removing these chemicals is carried out by two main ways, namely through urine carried out by the kidneys, as well as by the bile glands and liver.
Sometimes, the chemicals produced by the drug will also be released through saliva, sweat, air released through breathing, and breast milk. Therefore, nursing mothers must be aware of the drugs they take because they can poison their babies.
