Contents:
- Medical Video: Yelawolf - Johnny Cash (Official Music Video)
- What causes congenital deafness?
- Genetics
- Non genetic
- How is congenital deafness classified?
- What are the characteristics of a child suffering from congenital deafness?
- What checks are needed to ensure congenital deafness?
- How to deal with congenital deafness?
Medical Video: Yelawolf - Johnny Cash (Official Music Video)
Congenital deafness is a hearing loss that occurs at birth, both partial and total deafness, and can be caused by factors during pregnancy or birth. According to WHO, there are 38,000 children born deaf each year in Southeast Asia. In Indonesia alone, there is 0.1% congenital deafness for each live birth rate. Hearing loss is a sensory disorder that is most often found, the cause could be due to a disturbance in the innervation, the presence of a conductive disorder (sound delivery), or a mixture of both. Congenital deafness is dangerous for children because it can interfere with children's speech, cognitive, and social development.
What causes congenital deafness?
Broadly speaking, the causes of congenital deafness can be divided into two things, namely genetic and non genetic causes.
Genetics
Genetic factors cause 50% congenital hearing loss, generally disorders caused by genetic factors can be syndromes or non-syndromes.
- Non-syndrome (35%). On non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) abnormalities found only by hearing, no other abnormalities.
- Syndrome (15%). Whereas at syndromic hearing loss (SHL), hearing abnormalities usually accompanied by other disorders, for example:
- Wardenburg syndrome, deafness is accompanied by disorders of skin pigment
- Branchio-renal syndrome, accompanied by deformed ears, and kidney disorders
- Pendred's syndrome, accompanied by damage to bone structure, and disorders of the thyroid gland
Non genetic
- TORCH (Toxoplasma, Rubella, CMV, Herpes) infection during pregnancy
- Infection that is acquired after the baby is born
- Effects of ototoxic drugs such as thalidomide or gentamicin
- Premature babies
How is congenital deafness classified?
The classification of congenital hearing loss can be classified according to type, severity, onset, and frequency.
- Type - Based on type, deafness can be caused by three things: impaired speech, hearing nerve disorders, and a mixture of both.
- Onset - Differentiated on whether it happened before being able to speak or after being able to speak. Congenital deafness includes deafness that occurs before the patient can speak.
- Severity - Hearing is calculated in units of decibels (db), conversations occur in the range of 50-60 db. The severity of hearing loss is assessed as follows:
- 0-25 dB HL: normal
- 26-40 dB HL: mild deafness
- 41-55 dB HL: moderate deafness
- 56-70 dB HL: deafness is severe
- 71-90 dB HL: severe deafness
- > 90 dB HL: very severe deafness
- Frequency - Based on sound frequency, hearing loss is divided into:
- Low frequency <500 Hz
- Medium frequency 501-2000 Hz
- High frequency> 2000 Hz
What are the characteristics of a child suffering from congenital deafness?
The main symptom of babies with congenital deafness is delay in speaking and speaking. Therefore, this disorder is sometimes diagnosed too late. Other symptoms that can be found are:
- Babies do not respond to sound at 3-4 months of age
- Babies do not look at the sound source
- Babies do not wake up from sleep by loud sounds
- Babies don't smile when invited to talk
- Babies do not turn around when called by their name
- Babies cannot talk "ma-ma" "pa-pa" at the age of 9-15 months
- Babies cannot repeat words at the age of 15 months
- Babies do not understand simple commands at the age of 15-24 months
What checks are needed to ensure congenital deafness?
Congenital deafness can inhibit speech development and ability in children. Therefore, early detection is an important thing that can be done. There are many methods for detecting congenital deafness, including:
- Automated Otoacoustic Emissions (AOAE). AOAE functions to determine whether there is an abnormality or not in the baby cochlea. Damage to the cochlea causes no OAE to be detected by the device.
- Automated Brain Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA). BERA describes the condition of the auditory nerve. This method can detect the time needed to start when giving stimulation to cause a reaction in the form of waves.
How to deal with congenital deafness?
Handling involves a medical team consisting of ENT doctors, audiologists, and pediatricians. Children who are not treated until the age of 2 years can arise impaired speech, writing, and lack of social interaction. It is best to handle hearing loss before the age of 6 months or start as soon as possible. Handling can be in the form of using a hearing aid or cochlear implant. With proper and fast handling, people with congenital hearing loss can grow normally and catch up with the development experienced.
READ ALSO:
- How Music Helps Children Learn to Speak
- Understanding the stages of development of children's speech
- 5 Ways to Help Children with Hearing Loss
